{"id":17214,"date":"2025-12-05T22:10:05","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T16:40:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/?p=17214"},"modified":"2025-12-05T22:12:24","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T16:42:24","slug":"%e0%ae%a8%e0%af%80%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%aa%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%b3%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%8e%e0%ae%a9%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%a9-%e0%ae%ae%e0%af%81%e0%ae%b1%e0%af%88%e0%ae%af%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b2%e0%af%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/?p=17214","title":{"rendered":"\u0ba8\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd? (Tam-Video | Tam-Exp)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How to write Judgement? Hon&#039;ble Mr. Justice P. Velmurugan | Question Session\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yfpvLGlPPo8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Original Title: How to write Judgement? Hon&#8217;ble Mr. Justice P. Velmurugan | Question SessionCourtesy: MBA MADURAI BENCH<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20131 : \u0b9c\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc6\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cJudgment writing\u201d \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 <strong>\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 + \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd + \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8<\/strong> \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 <strong>\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong>, <strong>\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b9c\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc6\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 <strong>Opinion of the Presiding Officer<\/strong> (\u0ba8\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20132 : \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd Judgment \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Pleadings<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Plaintiff (\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf) \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 plaint<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Defendant (\u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf) \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 written statement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9 fact-\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc7 pleading.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Issues<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9 \u201c\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd \/ \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\u201d \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1.<br>\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe: \u201c\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe?\u201d \u201c\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc6\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc2\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Evidence<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Oral evidence (\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Documentary evidence (\u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cross-examination (\u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bc8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exhibits (\u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20133 : \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 Judgment-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2 \u0b9c\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc6\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Dispute \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9?<\/strong><br>2&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Evidence appreciation \u2014 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcd?<\/strong><br>3&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Decision \u2014 \u0b87\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20134 : Civil Judgment \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Pleadings-\u0b90 Short note-\u0b86 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Plaint \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 facts \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Written Statement-\u0b90 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Defendant \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1? \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bc1 main dispute?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Issues \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 Answer \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Issue No.1:<\/strong><br>\u2013 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 Issue \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1?<br>\u2013 Evidence \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bc1?<br>\u2013 \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd? \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf?<br>\u2013 \u0b8f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcd\/\u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8?<br>\u2013 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 Issue \u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe Issues \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u201cFinal Conclusion\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc7, \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f relief \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20135 : Judgment \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hindi\/English letter-writing \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\/\u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>format fixed \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8; \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd <strong>\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20136 : Pleadings-\u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pleadings \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd Evidence \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>General denial (\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1) \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1; specific denial \u0b85\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pleadings \u2192 Issues \u2192 Evidence \u2192 Judgment \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20137 : Civil Case Examples<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Court fee dispute<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limitation objection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Document validity \/ genuineness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adverse possession<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Partition suits (coparcenary, joint possession)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jurisdiction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd pleadings-\u0bb2 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20138 : Criminal Judgment \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Criminal cases \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc8:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Charges (173 CrPC)<\/strong><br>\u2013 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bcd<br>\u2013 \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1<br>\u2013 \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf<br>\u2013 \u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd<br>\u2013 \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 section<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Prosecution Evidence<\/strong><br>\u2013 PW1, PW2\u2026<br>\u2013 Medical evidence<br>\u2013 Documentary evidence<br>\u2013 Recovery \/ weapon seizure<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Defence Evidence<\/strong><br>\u2013 Optional (\u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bae\u0bcd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Evaluation of Evidence<\/strong><br>\u2013 Direct evidence (Eyewitness)<br>\u2013 Circumstantial evidence<br>\u2013 Contradictions (material vs non-material)<br>\u2013 161 statements (only contradiction purpose)<br>\u2013 Discovery under Sec. 27 Evidence Act<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Reasoning<\/strong><br>\u2013 doubt \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bbe?<br>\u2013 reasonable doubt \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd benefit of doubt \u2192 acquittal<br>\u2013 doubt \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u2192 conviction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; <strong>Sentence<\/strong><br>\u2013 Conviction \u0b86\u0ba9\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1 punishment \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20139 : Civil vs Criminal \u2014 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Civil Case<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pleadings \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proof: preponderance of probability (\u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Criminal Case<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pleadings \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Charges + Evidence \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proof: beyond reasonable doubt (\u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b95\u0bae\u0bc7 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u201310 : \u0b87\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc8<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Judgment \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd: <strong>Reasoning (\u0b8f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1?)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Original Title: How to write Judgement? Hon&#8217;ble Mr. Justice P. Velmurugan | Question SessionCourtesy: MBA MADURAI BENCH \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20131 : \u0b9c\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc6\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9? \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20132 : \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd Judgment \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc8: 1&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Pleadings 2&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Issues 3&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Evidence \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u20133 : \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 Judgment-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2 \u0b9c\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc6\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd: 1&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[740,720],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-p-velmurugan-honble-justice","category-720"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17214"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17216,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17214\/revisions\/17216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}