{"id":17522,"date":"2026-02-22T22:49:30","date_gmt":"2026-02-22T17:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/?post_type=epkb_post_type_1&#038;p=17522"},"modified":"2026-02-22T22:49:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-22T17:19:34","slug":"1881-the-negotiable-instruments-act","status":"publish","type":"epkb_post_type_1","link":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/?epkb_post_type_1=1881-the-negotiable-instruments-act","title":{"rendered":"1881 &#8211; THE NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/service-public.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/negotiable_instruments_act_1881.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of negotiable_instruments_act,_1881.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-c749360a-7b47-4da2-810b-3e8153a51059\" href=\"https:\/\/service-public.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/negotiable_instruments_act_1881.pdf\">negotiable_instruments_act,_1881<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/service-public.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/negotiable_instruments_act_1881.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-c749360a-7b47-4da2-810b-3e8153a51059\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CHAPTER I \u2013 PRELIMINARY<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u0b86\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 1 \u2013 Short Title<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd (\u0b85\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd):<\/strong><br>\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd <strong>Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0baa \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/strong><br>\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd <strong>\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb8\u0bb0\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc7\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0ba3 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd 1882 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u201cHundis\u201d \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 2<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 Section \u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 <strong>\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 3 \u2013 Interpretation (\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Banker \u2013 \u0bb5\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bc8:<\/strong><br>Banker \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd <strong>Post Office Savings Bank<\/strong> \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0baa \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/strong><br>\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd <strong>Banker<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>State Bank<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indian Bank<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Post Office Savings Bank<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CHAPTER II \u2013 OF NOTES, BILLS AND CHEQUES<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u0ba8\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 4 \u2013 Promissory Note<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bc8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Promissory Note \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd<br>\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 <strong>\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0bae\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bca\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x2714; \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 Promissory Note<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd B \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u20b9500 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x2714; \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd B \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u20b91000 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Promissory Note \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x274c;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd B \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u20b9500 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x274c;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1 \u20b9500 \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x274c;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D \u0b87\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u20b9500 \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0bb5\u0bc8 <strong>\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/strong> promissory note \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 5 \u2013 Bill of Exchange<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bc8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill of Exchange \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd<br>\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1<br>\u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf<br>\u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Drawer \u2013 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd<br>2&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Drawee \u2013 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd<br>3&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Payee \u2013 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A \u2192 B \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B, \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd C \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u20b910,000 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 Bill of Exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 6 \u2013 Cheque<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bc8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bill of Exchange \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bc7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd <strong>\u0bb5\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Demand \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b8e\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque =<br>Bank \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd Bill of Exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Account Holder \u2192 Bank<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pay to Ravi \u20b95,000<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Electronic cheque<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Truncated cheque (Image clearing system)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 7 \u2013 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Drawer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Drawee<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd (\u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 Bank).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Payee<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acceptor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill of exchange-\u0b90<br>\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Drawee in case of need<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 8 \u2013 Holder<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque Ravi \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>Ravi \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd Holder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 9 \u2013 Holder in Due Course<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 <strong>\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0bae\u0bcb\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A \u2192 B \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 cheque \u0b95\u0bc8 , B \u2192 C \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc8 C \u0b89\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, C = Holder in due course<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 10 \u2013 Payment in Due Course<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1, \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf,  \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 <strong>Payment in Due Course<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 11 \u2013 Inland Instrument<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc7\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf Instrument. \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd . <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 12 \u2013 Foreign Instrument<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bc8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 13 \u2013 Negotiable Instrument<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf: Negotiable Instrument \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Promissory Note<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bill of Exchange<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cheque<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Negotiable \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1, \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0baa\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque, Endorse \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 14 \u2013 Negotiation<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument, \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1, transfer \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc8 <strong>Negotiation<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 15 \u2013 Endorsement<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bca\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1<br>\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 <strong>Endorsement<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x2714; Example<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ravi \u2192 cheque \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd sign \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u2192 Kumar \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 endorsement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 16 \u2013 Types of Endorsement<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Blank Endorsement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd sign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ravi<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Full Endorsement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pay to Kumar<br>Ravi<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 17 \u2013 Ambiguous Instrument<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>promissory note \u0b86\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bill of exchange \u0b86\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 18 \u2013 Words vs Figures<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u20b95000<br>Five Hundred<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u20b9500 \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 19 \u2013 Payable on Demand<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 <strong>on demand<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd on demand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 20 \u2013 Incomplete Instrument<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>blank paper \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 sign \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stamp \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd stamp value \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x2714; Example<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Signed blank promissory note<br>\u2192 later amount filled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 21 \u2013 \u201cAt Sight\u201d, \u201cOn Presentment\u201d, \u201cAfter Sight\u201d<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd bill \/ note-\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">At Sight<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pay \u20b910,000 at sight<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1<br>\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">On Presentment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">After Sight<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">30 days after sight<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1<br>Bill accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1 30 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 22 \u2013 Maturity (\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bcd)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill \/ Promissory Note \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b87\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bcd = <strong>Maturity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Due Date + 3 Days (Grace days)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill due date<br>10 June<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grace days<br>3 days<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maturity<br>13 June<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Days of Grace<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 23 \u2013 Months \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd Maturity \u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 Bill:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3 months after date<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Date \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 <strong>\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/strong> maturity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill date<br>10 January<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3 months after<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maturity<br>10 April + 3 days grace<br>= 13 April<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 24 \u2013 Days \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd Maturity<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">60 days after date<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Date<br>1 March<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">60 days<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">= 30 April<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>3 grace days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">= 3 May<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 25 \u2013 Holiday \u0b86\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maturity \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bcd public holiday \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Due date<br>Sunday<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payment<br>Saturday<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CHAPTER III<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notes, Bills, Cheques \u2013 Parties<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 26 \u2013 Capacity (\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contract \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcb<br>\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd negotiable instrument \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Minor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>instrument \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd liability \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95 recovery \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 27 \u2013 Agency<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agent \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sign \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>instrument \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Company Director<br>Manager \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd cheque issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 28 \u2013 Agent Signing Liability<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agent:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd agent \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc7 personally liable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wrong<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ravi<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Correct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ravi<br>For ABC Company<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 29 \u2013 Legal Representative Liability<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Executor \/ Legal representative sign \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd <strong>personal liability \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/strong><br>estate \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 30 \u2013 Liability of Drawer<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drawer (cheque \/ bill \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque bounce<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 Drawer \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 31 \u2013 Liability of Drawee Bank<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 cheque \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<br>\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Account holder \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 loss \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>bank \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 32 \u2013 Maker \/ Acceptor Liability<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Promissory Note maker<br>Bill acceptor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd maturity-\u0bb2\u0bcd pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 33 \u2013 Drawee \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc7 accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill of Exchange-\u0b90 accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Drawee \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exception:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drawee in need<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acceptor for honour<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 34 \u2013 Several Drawees<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0bb2 drawees \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd partnership \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 35 \u2013 Liability of Endorser<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Endorser:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument dishonour \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>holder \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 36 \u2013 Prior Parties Liability<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder in Due Course \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe parties-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd liability \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 37 \u2013 Principal Debtors<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Maker<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Drawer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acceptor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd surety \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 38 \u2013 Prior Party = Principal (Subsequent Party\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 party\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 principal debtor \u0b86\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 39 \u2013 Suretyship<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Negotiable instrument-\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd<br>\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 surety \u0b86\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 40 \u2013 Discharge of Endorser<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Endorser-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8<br>\u0b87\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf act \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Endorser liability \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 41 \u2013 Acceptor bound although endorsement forged<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 Bill accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1<br>\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd endorsement forged (\u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bbf \u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bca\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Acceptor \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b8e\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A \u2192 B \u2192 C \u2192 D<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C \u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bca\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bae\u0bcd forged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd Drawee bill accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>Holder \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 42 \u2013 Acceptance of bill drawn in fictitious name<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 <strong>\u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<br>Acceptor \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc8 accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 43 \u2013 Instrument without consideration<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consideration (\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \/ \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd instrument \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 <strong>\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Holder in due course<\/strong> \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 enforce \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 44 \u2013 Partial absence or failure of consideration<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consideration \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa liability \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Promissory note<br>\u20b910,000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Actual loan<br>\u20b96,000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recovery<br>\u20b96,000 \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 45 \u2013 Partial failure when amount unliquidated<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consideration \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 45A \u2013 Holder\u2019s right to duplicate bill<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder<br>Drawer-\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd duplicate bill \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drawer<br>reasonable indemnity \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 46 \u2013 Delivery<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Negotiable instrument <strong>delivery \u0b86\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc7 valid.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sign \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque sign \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd<br>\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 Instrument enforce \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 47 \u2013 Negotiation by delivery<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument payable to <strong>bearer<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bearer cheque<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ravi \u2192 Kumar \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>Kumar holder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 48 \u2013 Negotiation by endorsement<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument payable to <strong>order<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Endorsement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Delivery<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 49 \u2013 Conversion of blank endorsement<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blank endorsement:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd holder<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc8 <strong>full endorsement<\/strong> \u0b86\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ravi (sign)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Later holder writes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pay to Kumar<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 50 \u2013 Effect of endorsement<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Endorsement \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Property transfer \u0b86\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Further negotiation \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd endorser restriction \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pay to Kumar only<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 51 \u2013 Endorsement of part of sum<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amount \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd endorse \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque \u20b910,000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u20b95,000 \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd endorse<br>&#x274c; \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 52 \u2013 Conditional endorsement<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Endorsement condition \u0b89\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pay Kumar if he finishes work.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank usually condition ignore \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 53 \u2013 Holder deriving title<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2 title \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2 title \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 54 \u2013 Instrument endorsed in blank<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blank endorsement \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument <strong>bearer instrument<\/strong> \u0b86\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 55 \u2013 Conversion of blank endorsement into full<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blank endorsement \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 56 \u2013 Endorsement for part of sum<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 instrument \u0baa\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd share \u0b86\u0b95 transfer \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd<br>\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd <strong>partial negotiation<\/strong> generally invalid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 57 \u2013 Legal representative<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder \u0b87\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legal representative<br>instrument enforce \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 58 \u2013 Instrument obtained by unlawful means<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>fraud<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>theft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>illegal means<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 holder recover \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder in due course recover \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 59 \u2013 Instrument acquired after dishonour<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dishonour \u0b86\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1 instrument \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf holder<br>\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0baf holder rights \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 60 \u2013 Instrument negotiable till payment<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>payment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>satisfaction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 negotiation \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payment \u0b86\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd negotiation \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 61 \u2013 Presentment for Acceptance<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 Bill of Exchange-\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd payment \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 <strong>acceptance<\/strong> \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1:<br>Drawee-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 bill \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf<br>\u201c\u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc8 accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe?\u201d \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cAfter sight\u201d bill<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acceptance required \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f bill<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 62 \u2013 Presentment where bill payable after sight<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">30 days after sight<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd Drawee-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<br>\u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 63 \u2013 Drawee allowed time to decide<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf Drawee-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 <strong>48 \u0bae\u0ba3\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong> \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0baf\u0bcb\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 64 \u2013 Presentment for Payment<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument maturity \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder<br>payer \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf payment \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 parties liability \u0b87\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 65 \u2013 Hours for Presentment<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presentment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Business hours<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Working day<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 66 \u2013 Presentment for Payment of Promissory Note<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Promissory note:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maker \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd agent \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1<br>payment \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 67 \u2013 Presentment for Payment of Bill of Exchange<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drawee \/ acceptor \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 68 \u2013 Presentment for Payment of Cheque<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 reasonable time \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 69 \u2013 Presentment where maker, drawee dead<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maker \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 drawee \u0b87\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legal representative \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 70 \u2013 Presentment where several makers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0bb2 makers \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Contract \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 71 \u2013 Presentment to agent<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payment receive \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 agent \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 72 \u2013 Presentment by post<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Custom \/ usage \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument post \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 73 \u2013 Presentment unnecessary in some cases<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0b9a\u0bc2\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd presentment \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drawee address \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Impossible<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 74 \u2013 Presentment when instrument payable at specified place<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b87\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd payable \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payable at SBI Chennai<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc7 present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 75 \u2013 Presentment when no exclusive place specified<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Place \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Business place<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Residence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 76 \u2013 When presentment excused<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presentment \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drawee prevent \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Impossible<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Waiver<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 77 \u2013 Liability of banker for negligently dealing with cheque<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank negligence \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Loss \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd bank liable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 78 \u2013 Payment to holder<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Holder \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wrong person \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 payment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd discharge \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 79 \u2013 Interest when rate specified<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument interest rate mention \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc7 rate follow \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interest 12%<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 80 \u2013 Interest when no rate specified<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interest mention \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Law\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 court reasonable rate \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 Section-\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bill \/ cheque \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 payment \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bank liability \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 81 \u2013 When instrument dishonoured, holder\u2019s rights<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument dishonour (\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1 \/ accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1) \u0b86\u0ba9\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Parties \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compensation \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Suit \/ case file \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 82 \u2013 Discharge from liability<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 instrument \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 party-\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0b9a\u0bc2\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd liability \u0b87\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Payment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Holder cancel \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Release \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Principal debtor discharge \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 83 \u2013 Discharge by allowing drawee more time<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drawee \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 extra time \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 surety parties discharge \u0b86\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 84 \u2013 When cheque not presented in time<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reasonable time-\u0bb2\u0bcd bank \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>Drawer loss \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drawer liability \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank later becomes insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Late presentation \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 loss<br>\u2192 drawer liability \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 85 \u2013 Cheque payable to order<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proper endorsement \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 cheque pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>bank \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Forgery \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<br>bank protected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 85A \u2013 Draft payable to order<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Demand draft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Order instrument \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bc7 treat \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank proper endorsement \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd discharge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 86 \u2013 Acceptance qualified<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1<br>conditions \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 <strong>qualified acceptance<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Amount change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Place change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Partial acceptance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 87 \u2013 Effect of material alteration<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument-\u0bb2\u0bcd <strong>material alteration<\/strong> \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 void \u0b86\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Material alteration examples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Amount change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Date change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Payee change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Place of payment change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exception:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consent \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd valid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 88 \u2013 Acceptor liable after alteration<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alteration \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<br>Acceptor knowingly accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd liable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 89 \u2013 Payment of altered cheque<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alteration \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>good faith-\u0bb2\u0bcd pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">bank protected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 90 \u2013 Dishonour by non-acceptance<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 <strong>Dishonour by non-acceptance<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drawee refuses acceptance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cannot be found<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dead \/ insolvent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 91 \u2013 Dishonour by non-payment<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payment due date \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1<br>\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dishonour by non-payment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque bounce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 92 \u2013 Dishonour by non-acceptance \u2192 immediate action<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder \u0b89\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bc7 parties \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maturity \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 93 \u2013 Notice of dishonour<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dishonour \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder<br>\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 parties \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 notice \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 liable \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 94 \u2013 Mode of giving notice<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Written<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oral<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Post<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Messenger<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reasonable time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 95 \u2013 Party receiving notice must transmit<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd notice \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd party \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 forward \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 96 \u2013 Agent giving notice<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder agent \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd notice \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 97 \u2013 When party to whom notice given is dead<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legal representative \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 98 \u2013 When notice of dishonour unnecessary<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0b9a\u0bc2\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd notice \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Party already aware<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Waiver<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cannot be found<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Drawee fictitious<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 99 \u2013 Noting<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dishonour \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notary public \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd<br>official record \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc7 <strong>Noting<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Date<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reason<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notary signature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 100 \u2013 Protest<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Noting \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>formal certificate \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc7 <strong>Protest<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Protest \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Instrument copy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Parties names<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reason for dishonour<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notary seal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 (Sections 81\u2013100)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Instrument dishonour \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notice \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Parties liability \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notary \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd proof \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd <strong>Compensation, Special rules for bills, International instruments<\/strong> \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 101 \u2013 Contents of Protest<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Protest document-\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Instrument copy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Parties \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dishonour \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Date &amp; place<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notary signature<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 court-\u0bb2\u0bcd proof \u0b86\u0b95 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 102 \u2013 Notice of protest<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Protest \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concerned parties \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 notice \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 dishonour notice \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bc7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 103 \u2013 Protest for non-payment after dishonour by non-acceptance<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 protest \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd payment \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd protest \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 104 \u2013 Protest of foreign bills<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign bill dishonour \u0b86\u0ba9\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Protest \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 <strong>compulsory<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 104A \u2013 When noting equivalent to protest<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0b9a\u0bae\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Noting \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 protest \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 105 \u2013 Reasonable time<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd <strong>reasonable time<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nature of instrument<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Distance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Business practice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 106 \u2013 Reasonable time for giving notice of dishonour<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dishonour \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd<br>\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Delay \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 parties liability \u0b87\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 107 \u2013 Reasonable time for transmitting notice<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 party \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">reasonable time \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc7 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 108 \u2013 Acceptance for honour<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill dishonour by non-acceptance \u0b86\u0ba9\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 third person<br>honour \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A \u2192 B \u2192 C bill<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I accept for honour of A<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 109 \u2013 How acceptance for honour made<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acceptance for honour:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accepted for honour of A<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Signature \u0b85\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 110 \u2013 Liability of acceptor for honour<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acceptor for honour:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill maturity-\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>payment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 111 \u2013 Presentment to acceptor for honour<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payment \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill<br>acceptor for honour \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 present \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 112 \u2013 Payment for honour<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dishonour \u0b86\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 third person<br>holder \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 payment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 <strong>Payment for honour<\/strong> \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 113 \u2013 Procedure for payment for honour<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payment for honour \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Declaration \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notary presence often \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 114 \u2013 Rights of payer for honour<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd original holder rights \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 parties \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bc1 claim \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 115 \u2013 Drawee in case of need<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill-\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 alternative person mention \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primary drawee pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 116 \u2013 Acceptance and payment without protest<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign bill \u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0b9a\u0bae\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd protest \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<br>acceptance \/ payment \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 117 \u2013 Rules as to compensation<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dishonour \u0b86\u0ba9 instrument-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder compensation \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Amount of instrument<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interest<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expenses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exchange loss (foreign bills)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque \u20b91,00,000 bounce<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder claim \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u20b91,00,000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interest<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notice expense<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Court cost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 118 \u2013 Presumptions as to Negotiable Instruments<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd court-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 <strong>automatic assumptions (\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd)<\/strong> \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 negotiable instrument court-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>court \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Court presume \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Consideration \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/strong><br>(\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \/ \u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 instrument \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Date \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Acceptance \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transfer (endorsement) \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Holder lawful holder<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stamp properly affixed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example (Court Example)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cheque case:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accused \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd court \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd assume \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x2714; Loan \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc8 accused \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd disproove \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 119 \u2013 Presumption on proof of protest<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Protest document \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court dishonour \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 presume \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 120 \u2013 Estoppel against denying validity<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 party:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument valid \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 earlier accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd court-\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 valid \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 121 \u2013 Estoppel against denying capacity of payee<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maker \/ drawer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payee capacity-\u0b90 deny \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque Ravi \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Later court-\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ravi person \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 122 \u2013 Acceptor cannot deny drawer authority<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acceptor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drawer authority deny \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 123 \u2013 Cheque crossed generally<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 parallel lines \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 <strong>Crossed Cheque<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">||     ||<br>Pay Ravi<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cash counter payment \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8<br>Bank account \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 124 \u2013 Cheque crossed specially<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 specific bank \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd crossed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">|| SBI ||<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 bank \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 125 \u2013 Crossing by holder<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f cheque cross \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">General \u2192 Special crossing \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 126 \u2013 Payment of crossed cheque<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crossed cheque:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank account \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 127 \u2013 Payment of crossed cheque out of bank<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crossed cheque-\u0b90 counter-\u0bb2\u0bcd cash \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank liable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 128 \u2013 Protection to collecting banker<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank good faith-\u0bb2\u0bcd cheque collect \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>bank protection \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 129 \u2013 Payment contrary to crossing<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crossing \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc0\u0bb1\u0bbf payment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>bank liable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 130 \u2013 Cheque marked \u201cNot Negotiable\u201d<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not Negotiable<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transfer \u0b86\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd<br>\u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd better title \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 131 \u2013 Protection to collecting banker<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Customer \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 cheque collect \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>bank protected (good faith \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 132 \u2013 Set of bills<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign bills \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd set \u0b86\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Third<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 pay \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bc8 void.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 133 \u2013 Holder of accepted bill entitled to amount<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accepted bill holder<br>amount recover \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 134 \u2013 Discharge by cancellation<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrument cancel \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>liability discharge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 135 \u2013 Release of one party<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 party release \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 parties liability \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 136 \u2013 Instrument lost<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lost instrument \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holder suit file \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court indemnity \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 137 \u2013 Presumption as to foreign law<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign instrument cases-\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>court foreign law presume \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b87\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x2b50; Section 138 \u2013 Cheque Bounce (Criminal Offence)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 Section \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>\u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 138 \u2013 Dishonour of Cheque<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque bounce \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc7<br>criminal case \u0b86\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Condition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque bounce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Insufficient funds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exceeds arrangement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case \u0b86\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cheque legally enforceable debt \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bank cheque return \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Payee <strong>30 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd notice<\/strong> \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Drawer <strong>15 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd payment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Payment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Case file \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Punishment<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bc8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Up to <strong>2 years imprisonment<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 <strong>Fine (double amount \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simple Example<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ravi \u2192 Kumar \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 cheque \u20b91,00,000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank return:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Insufficient Funds<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Notice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>15 days wait<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Case file<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 139 \u2013 Presumption in favour of holder<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court presume \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque debt \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd issue \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accused prove \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<br>loan \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 140 \u2013 Drawer cannot deny liability<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accused \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 reason \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1 cheque bounce \u0b86\u0b95.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 defence \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 141 \u2013 Offences by companies<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Company cheque bounce \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Liability:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Company<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Directors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Responsible officers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 142 \u2013 Cognizance of offence<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque bounce case:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Written complaint \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proper court jurisdiction \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Time limit \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 143 \u2013 Summary trial<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque cases<br>fast trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 144 \u2013 Service of summons<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court summons post \/ courier \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 145 \u2013 Evidence by affidavit<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Complainant affidavit evidence \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 146 \u2013 Bank slip evidence<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bank return memo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dishonour proof \u0b86\u0b95 court accept \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 147 \u2013 Offence compoundable<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parties settlement \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Case close \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 148 \u2013 Appellate Court power (Amendment provision)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque bounce case-\u0bb2\u0bcd<br>Trial Court accused-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 fine \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 compensation \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accused appeal \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1<br>Appellate Court \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x1f449; <strong>Amount-\u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf deposit \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Minimum <strong>20% deposit<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court order:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u20b92,00,000 compensation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Appeal file \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court \u0b9a\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u20b940,000 deposit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 143A \u2013 Interim Compensation<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Case \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f<br>Court interim compensation order \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maximum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque amount-\u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd <strong>20% \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque amount<br>\u20b91,00,000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court interim compensation<br>\u20b920,000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interim compensation \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Accused plea not guilty<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trial \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Payment time<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accused:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>60 days<\/strong> \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc7 payment \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acquittal \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accused case win \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Complainant<br>interest \u0b89\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd amount \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 142A \u2013 Jurisdiction clarification<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque bounce case<br>\u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 court-\u0bb2\u0bcd file \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rule<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque deposit \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f bank branch area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drawer bank \u2192 Delhi<br>Payee deposit bank \u2192 Chennai<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Case jurisdiction<br><strong>Chennai<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2015 Amendment \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cheque cases delay \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Major changes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jurisdiction clarity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interim compensation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Appeal deposit<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Negotiable Instruments Act \u2013 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 Structure (\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Preliminary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notes, Bills, Cheques<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parties liability<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presentment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dishonour<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compensation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 8+<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presumptions, crossing, cheque bounce law<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Cheque bounce cases<br>2&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Business transactions<br>3&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Loan recovery<br>4&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Trade finance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Court-\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 Sections<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Practically lawyers \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Section 118<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Section 139<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Section 138<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Section 141<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Section 142<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Section 143A<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Section 148<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simple Cheque Bounce Procedure<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Cheque issued<br>2&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Bank return memo<br>3&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Legal notice (30 days)<br>4&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; 15 days wait<br>5&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Criminal complaint<br>6&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Trial<br>7&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Judgment<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CHAPTER I \u2013 PRELIMINARY (\u0b86\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd) Section 1 \u2013 Short Title \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd (\u0b85\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd):\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0baa \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd:\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb8\u0bb0\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc7\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0ba3 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd: Section 2 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 Section \u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1. Section 3 \u2013 Interpretation (\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd) Banker \u2013 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"epkb_post_type_1_category":[763],"epkb_post_type_1_tag":[],"class_list":["post-17522","epkb_post_type_1","type-epkb_post_type_1","status-publish","hentry","epkb_post_type_1_category-1881-the-negotiable-instruments-act"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1\/17522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/epkb_post_type_1"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17522"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1\/17522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17524,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1\/17522\/revisions\/17524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"epkb_post_type_1_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fepkb_post_type_1_category&post=17522"},{"taxonomy":"epkb_post_type_1_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/service-public.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fepkb_post_type_1_tag&post=17522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}