Service2Public

Bio diesel | How We Make , நாங்கள் எப்படி பயோ-டீசல் உற்பத்தி செய்கிறோம்.

Transcript :

• 0:14The original diesel engine, named after inventor Rudolf Diesel, actually ran on vegetable oil.
• 0:20Changes in the design of diesel engines over the years required a different fuel,
• 0:24with more energy output and less gelling and colder weather than vegetable oil.
• 0:29Hence, petroleum-based diesel gained popularity over oil.
• 0:33With its performance and environmental qualities, biodiesel is fast becoming a widely recognized blending agent for petroleum diesel
• 0:43Biodiesel is a replacement fuel for diesel engines made out of animal fats or vegetable oil.
• 0:49The advantages of biodiesel are that it is not derived from fossil fuels, but can be made from local crops.0:56It lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and the production and sale of biodiesel generates a domestic fuel economy.
• 1:03 The University of Idaho is one of the pioneers of biodiesel research beginning in 1979.
• 1:10At the University of Idaho Biodiesel Education Program farm-scale production facility. We make biodiesel from a variety of feedstocks.
• 1:19 Most of the time we either make biodiesel from waste vegetable oil gathered from the kitchens at the University,
• 1:25or we extract the oil ourselves with our oil seed press.
• 1:30To make biodiesel you remove the impurities from the fat or oil,
• 1:33and change its viscosity so that it can burn in a normal diesel engine without mucking up the fuel lines.
• 1:40You do that through a chemical reaction called transesterification.
• 1:45Transesterification is the biodiesel-making process and is simply a reaction of the vegetable oil and alcohol
• 1:52using a catalyst to speed the reaction
• 1:56Let’s take a moment to examine our standard recipe for making biodiesel.
• 2:01This is fuel production specialist Chad Dunkel, your biodiesel chef for the day.
• 2:07The process is relatively simple.
• 2:10Combine a certain amount of alcohol and catalyst mixture with your feedstock, then heat and agitate for a short period of time.
• 2:17The result is a layer of biodiesel and a layer of glycerin.
• 2:21Remove the glycerin by draining it off the bottom, then use a wash process to remove contaminants.
• 2:28The co-product, glycerin, has a lot of other uses like making soap, but that’s another topic.
• 2:34To ensure that sound procedures are used and that a high-quality biodiesel is produced, we follow our quality control plan.2:42
• The quality control plan provides a detailed description of our process and is available on our biodiesel education website.
• 2:50First, we want to make sure our feedstock is suitable for making quality biodiesel.
• 2:54The feedstock is filtered, pumped into the reactor, dried, and tested for free fatty acids.
• 3:02Excess water in the oil will result in serious
• 3:04processing complications and we want fats or oils with low free fatty acid content.
• 3:11Waste oil can be high in free fatty acids, while freshly pressed canola oil, for instance,3:16is very low in FFA content and makes an ideal feedstock for biodiesel.
• 3:22The more FFA in the biodiesel, the more catalyst you must use and the more soap you’ll have to clean out of your finished biodiesel.
• 3:31For safety purposes the batch size for our bulk production is limited to only using 2/3 of the working volume of our reactor, and
• 3:39generally determined by the amount of methanol we want to use.
• 3:43For our method of making biodiesel
• 3:45we add methanol at a 6 to 1 molar ratio to the oil and use a 2-reaction process batch process,
• 3:51meaning we perform the reaction process twice.
• 3:54The two-step reaction strategy is used to ensure a complete reaction.
• 4:00With a suitable feedstock in the reactor, the reactor lid is closed and we carefully add 80 percent of the methanol,
• 4:07which is extremely toxic and highly flammable,
• 4:09then 80 percent of the sodium methoxide,
• 4:13which is the catalyst we use for bulk production.
• 4:16The reaction mixture is then mixed vigorously for at least one hour at 55 to 60 degrees centigrade
• 4:24After an hour we turn off the agitation and let the product sit for at least two hours.
• 4:30The heavier glycerin settles to the bottom.
• 4:33We drain off as much as we can, add the remaining 20% methanol and catalyst, and agitate again.
• 4:40Once the second reaction is finished and the glycerin has settled, we drain off the glycerin co-product.
• 4:47The remaining liquid is biodiesel. However, it still has some excess methanol, catalyst, and other impurities mixed in.
• 4:55There are several wash methods, but we prefer to use the water wash method which is repeated until the fuel is clean.
• 5:03The biodiesel is dried and an antioxidant is added. A series of tests are made on the finished product to certify
• 5:09It meets the ASTM biodiesel standards. No fuel will be used in vehicles unless it meets or exceeds the standards.
• 5:17Once the fuel has been shown to meet the standards, a biocide is added to the fuel.
• 5:22The finished biodiesel is a high-quality fuel, ready to use in any diesel engine.
• 5:28Visit the website at BiodieselEducation.org for more information. Thank you for watching How We Make Biodiesel.

🔊 Listen to this Transcript : 0:14The original diesel engine, named after inventor Rudolf Diesel, actually ran on vegetable oil. 0:20Changes in the design of diesel engines over the years required a different fuel, 0:24with more energy output and less gelling and colder weather than vegetable oil. 0:29Hence, petroleum-based diesel…